Historical data for weatherstation Leeuwarden (🇳🇱) KNMI

Historical data for Oct. 19, 2023

Daily summary for: Oct. 19, 2023

Max. Temperature 11.8 °C (1:20 p.m.)
Min. Temperature 7.9 °C (2:20 a.m.)
Max. Windspeed 46.1 km/h (11:40 p.m.)
Total Precipitation 23.5 mm

Graphs

Temperature on Oct. 19, 2023

Windspeed on Oct. 19, 2023

Pressure on Oct. 19, 2023

Humidity on Oct. 19, 2023

Solarradiation on Oct. 19, 2023

Precipitation on Oct. 19, 2023

Precipitation rate on Oct. 19, 2023

All observations

Time Temperature Dewpoint Humidity Windspeed Winddirection Precipitation Precipitation rate Pressure Solarradiation UV
midnight 8.8 °C 5.3 °C 78 % 40.6 km/h E 0.3 mm 0.7 mm/h 996.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
12:10 a.m. 8.8 °C 5.5 °C 79 % 41.4 km/h E 0.4 mm 0.4 mm/h 996.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
12:20 a.m. 8.8 °C 5.5 °C 79 % 40.8 km/h E 0.4 mm 0.2 mm/h 996.2 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
12:30 a.m. 8.8 °C 5.5 °C 79 % 36.0 km/h E 0.3 mm 0.2 mm/h 996.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
12:40 a.m. 8.7 °C 5.6 °C 81 % 37.3 km/h E 0.4 mm 0.6 mm/h 995.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
12:50 a.m. 8.5 °C 5.8 °C 83 % 35.0 km/h E 0.7 mm 1.8 mm/h 995.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1 a.m. 8.4 °C 6.0 °C 85 % 37.0 km/h E 1.0 mm 2.1 mm/h 995.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1:10 a.m. 8.3 °C 6.1 °C 86 % 39.7 km/h E 1.2 mm 1.2 mm/h 995.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1:20 a.m. 8.2 °C 6.3 °C 87 % 38.7 km/h E 1.4 mm 1.3 mm/h 995.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1:30 a.m. 8.1 °C 6.4 °C 88 % 39.1 km/h E 2.2 mm 4.4 mm/h 995.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1:40 a.m. 8.1 °C 6.5 °C 89 % 43.2 km/h E 2.8 mm 3.6 mm/h 994.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
1:50 a.m. 8.1 °C 6.5 °C 89 % 40.2 km/h E 3.0 mm 1.7 mm/h 994.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2 a.m. 8.1 °C 6.6 °C 90 % 40.8 km/h E 3.3 mm 1.4 mm/h 994.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2:10 a.m. 8.1 °C 6.6 °C 90 % 38.3 km/h E 3.6 mm 1.8 mm/h 994.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2:20 a.m. 7.9 °C 6.8 °C 92 % 38.7 km/h E 4.1 mm 3.1 mm/h 994.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2:30 a.m. 7.9 °C 6.9 °C 93 % 44.2 km/h E 4.7 mm 3.5 mm/h 993.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2:40 a.m. 7.9 °C 7.0 °C 94 % 38.2 km/h E 5.3 mm 4.0 mm/h 993.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
2:50 a.m. 7.9 °C 7.0 °C 94 % 37.6 km/h E 5.8 mm 2.6 mm/h 993.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3 a.m. 7.9 °C 7.0 °C 94 % 40.4 km/h E 6.0 mm 1.0 mm/h 993.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3:10 a.m. 8.0 °C 7.1 °C 94 % 38.6 km/h E 6.3 mm 1.9 mm/h 993.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3:20 a.m. 7.9 °C 7.1 °C 94 % 39.5 km/h E 6.7 mm 2.5 mm/h 993.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3:30 a.m. 7.9 °C 7.1 °C 94 % 39.5 km/h E 6.8 mm 1.0 mm/h 993.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3:40 a.m. 8.0 °C 7.2 °C 94 % 41.7 km/h E 7.0 mm 0.7 mm/h 993.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
3:50 a.m. 8.0 °C 7.3 °C 95 % 38.1 km/h SE 7.2 mm 1.5 mm/h 992.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4 a.m. 8.0 °C 7.3 °C 95 % 36.5 km/h E 7.9 mm 4.2 mm/h 992.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4:10 a.m. 8.0 °C 7.4 °C 96 % 36.4 km/h SE 8.9 mm 5.8 mm/h 992.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4:20 a.m. 8.1 °C 7.5 °C 96 % 33.6 km/h SE 9.9 mm 6.2 mm/h 992.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4:30 a.m. 8.1 °C 7.6 °C 96 % 44.0 km/h SE 10.7 mm 4.7 mm/h 992.5 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4:40 a.m. 8.2 °C 7.6 °C 96 % 33.0 km/h SE 11.4 mm 4.5 mm/h 992.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
4:50 a.m. 8.2 °C 7.7 °C 96 % 37.7 km/h SE 11.8 mm 2.3 mm/h 992.2 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5 a.m. 8.2 °C 7.7 °C 96 % 34.0 km/h SE 12.3 mm 2.6 mm/h 992.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5:10 a.m. 8.3 °C 7.7 °C 96 % 35.7 km/h SE 12.6 mm 1.9 mm/h 992.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5:20 a.m. 8.3 °C 7.8 °C 96 % 36.1 km/h SE 12.7 mm 0.7 mm/h 991.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5:30 a.m. 8.4 °C 7.9 °C 96 % 29.8 km/h SE 12.8 mm 0.7 mm/h 991.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5:40 a.m. 8.4 °C 7.9 °C 96 % 32.9 km/h SE 12.9 mm 0.6 mm/h 991.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
5:50 a.m. 8.5 °C 8.0 °C 96 % 30.1 km/h SE 13.0 mm 0.5 mm/h 991.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6 a.m. 8.5 °C 8.0 °C 96 % 31.2 km/h SE 13.2 mm 1.1 mm/h 991.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:10 a.m. 8.5 °C 8.0 °C 96 % 33.2 km/h SE 13.4 mm 1.4 mm/h 991.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:20 a.m. 8.6 °C 8.0 °C 96 % 36.3 km/h SE 13.6 mm 1.4 mm/h 991.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:30 a.m. 8.7 °C 8.2 °C 96 % 29.5 km/h SE 13.9 mm 1.3 mm/h 991.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:40 a.m. 8.7 °C 8.2 °C 97 % 33.8 km/h E 14.7 mm 5.1 mm/h 991.5 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:50 a.m. 8.6 °C 8.4 °C 98 % 33.3 km/h SE 16.6 mm 11.5 mm/h 991.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7 a.m. 8.7 °C 8.3 °C 97 % 29.9 km/h SE 18.3 mm 9.9 mm/h 991.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:10 a.m. 8.8 °C 8.4 °C 97 % 31.7 km/h E 18.8 mm 3.3 mm/h 991.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:20 a.m. 8.9 °C 8.5 °C 97 % 30.6 km/h SE 19.0 mm 0.7 mm/h 991.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:30 a.m. 8.9 °C 8.6 °C 97 % 27.8 km/h SE 19.1 mm 0.9 mm/h 991.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:40 a.m. 9.0 °C 8.6 °C 97 % 30.3 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.4 mm/h 991.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:50 a.m. 9.0 °C 8.6 °C 97 % 31.3 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.1 mm/h 991.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8 a.m. 9.0 °C 8.6 °C 97 % 31.8 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.3 mm/h 991.5 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:10 a.m. 9.1 °C 8.6 °C 97 % 31.8 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.6 hPa 1.0 w/m^2
8:20 a.m. 9.1 °C 8.7 °C 97 % 30.3 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.7 hPa 2.0 w/m^2
8:30 a.m. 9.2 °C 8.8 °C 97 % 28.3 km/h SE 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.8 hPa 8.0 w/m^2
8:40 a.m. 9.2 °C 8.9 °C 97 % 27.1 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.9 hPa 8.0 w/m^2
8:50 a.m. 9.2 °C 8.7 °C 97 % 27.7 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.1 hPa 8.0 w/m^2
9 a.m. 9.2 °C 8.7 °C 96 % 26.5 km/h E 19.2 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 9.0 w/m^2
9:10 a.m. 9.3 °C 8.8 °C 97 % 28.6 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.1 mm/h 992.2 hPa 18.0 w/m^2
9:20 a.m. 9.2 °C 8.8 °C 96 % 26.2 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 17.0 w/m^2
9:40 a.m. 9.3 °C 8.9 °C 97 % 30.2 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.1 mm/h 992.3 hPa 21.0 w/m^2
9:50 a.m. 9.4 °C 8.9 °C 97 % 28.1 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.4 hPa 32.0 w/m^2
10 a.m. 9.4 °C 9.0 °C 97 % 29.0 km/h SE 19.3 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.4 hPa 45.0 w/m^2
10:10 a.m. 9.5 °C 9.1 °C 97 % 23.8 km/h SE 19.3 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.4 hPa 49.0 w/m^2
10:20 a.m. 9.6 °C 9.2 °C 97 % 23.5 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.5 hPa 55.0 w/m^2
10:30 a.m. 9.6 °C 9.3 °C 97 % 21.5 km/h E 19.3 mm 0.2 mm/h 992.5 hPa 47.0 w/m^2
10:40 a.m. 9.7 °C 9.3 °C 97 % 22.1 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.5 mm/h 992.5 hPa 62.0 w/m^2
10:50 a.m. 9.8 °C 9.3 °C 97 % 23.1 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.2 mm/h 992.5 hPa 60.0 w/m^2
11 a.m. 9.9 °C 9.4 °C 97 % 22.6 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.6 hPa 76.0 w/m^2
11:10 a.m. 10.0 °C 9.6 °C 97 % 21.4 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.6 hPa 89.0 w/m^2
11:20 a.m. 10.1 °C 9.7 °C 97 % 24.1 km/h SE 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.7 hPa 81.0 w/m^2
11:30 a.m. 10.2 °C 9.8 °C 97 % 24.2 km/h SE 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.7 hPa 75.0 w/m^2
11:40 a.m. 10.2 °C 9.8 °C 97 % 21.5 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.6 hPa 76.0 w/m^2
11:50 a.m. 10.2 °C 9.8 °C 97 % 22.6 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.6 hPa 70.0 w/m^2
noon 10.3 °C 9.8 °C 96 % 20.0 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.4 hPa 102.0 w/m^2
12:10 p.m. 10.4 °C 10.0 °C 97 % 22.6 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.5 hPa 119.0 w/m^2
12:20 p.m. 10.5 °C 10.0 °C 96 % 26.3 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.3 hPa 132.0 w/m^2
12:30 p.m. 10.6 °C 10.1 °C 96 % 24.2 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.1 hPa 149.0 w/m^2
12:40 p.m. 10.7 °C 10.3 °C 96 % 26.9 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 135.0 w/m^2
12:50 p.m. 10.9 °C 10.3 °C 96 % 24.8 km/h SE 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 154.0 w/m^2
1 p.m. 11.2 °C 10.6 °C 96 % 24.6 km/h SE 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.3 hPa 166.0 w/m^2
1:10 p.m. 11.5 °C 10.8 °C 95 % 24.0 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 260.0 w/m^2
1:20 p.m. 11.8 °C 11.0 °C 94 % 27.0 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.2 hPa 346.0 w/m^2
1:30 p.m. 11.7 °C 10.9 °C 94 % 27.8 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.3 hPa 304.0 w/m^2
1:40 p.m. 11.4 °C 10.7 °C 94 % 28.1 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.3 hPa 195.0 w/m^2
1:50 p.m. 11.8 °C 11.0 °C 95 % 26.8 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.0 hPa 268.0 w/m^2
2 p.m. 11.5 °C 10.7 °C 94 % 26.0 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.0 hPa 267.0 w/m^2
2:10 p.m. 11.5 °C 10.7 °C 94 % 26.2 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.0 hPa 188.0 w/m^2
2:20 p.m. 11.2 °C 10.5 °C 95 % 28.6 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.1 hPa 98.0 w/m^2
2:30 p.m. 11.1 °C 10.4 °C 94 % 28.4 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.0 hPa 92.0 w/m^2
2:40 p.m. 11.1 °C 10.4 °C 95 % 30.5 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.8 hPa 85.0 w/m^2
2:50 p.m. 10.9 °C 10.3 °C 95 % 29.3 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.9 hPa 76.0 w/m^2
3 p.m. 10.7 °C 10.0 °C 95 % 27.6 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.0 mm/h 992.0 hPa 66.0 w/m^2
3:10 p.m. 10.5 °C 9.8 °C 95 % 26.3 km/h E 19.4 mm 0.1 mm/h 992.0 hPa 69.0 w/m^2
3:20 p.m. 10.4 °C 10.0 °C 96 % 25.8 km/h E 19.5 mm 0.5 mm/h 992.0 hPa 49.0 w/m^2
3:30 p.m. 10.2 °C 9.6 °C 95 % 26.7 km/h E 19.6 mm 0.6 mm/h 992.1 hPa 39.0 w/m^2
3:40 p.m. 10.2 °C 9.8 °C 97 % 32.5 km/h E 19.9 mm 1.4 mm/h 991.9 hPa 63.0 w/m^2
3:50 p.m. 10.2 °C 9.9 °C 97 % 28.3 km/h E 20.3 mm 2.5 mm/h 991.7 hPa 57.0 w/m^2
4 p.m. 10.0 °C 9.6 °C 97 % 31.8 km/h E 20.4 mm 0.6 mm/h 991.6 hPa 34.0 w/m^2
4:10 p.m. 9.9 °C 9.5 °C 97 % 32.7 km/h E 20.4 mm 0.1 mm/h 991.5 hPa 35.0 w/m^2
4:20 p.m. 9.8 °C 9.5 °C 97 % 35.6 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.4 mm/h 991.6 hPa 38.0 w/m^2
4:30 p.m. 9.9 °C 9.6 °C 98 % 31.5 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.6 hPa 23.0 w/m^2
4:40 p.m. 9.8 °C 9.4 °C 97 % 32.5 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.4 hPa 31.0 w/m^2
4:50 p.m. 9.7 °C 9.3 °C 97 % 36.3 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.5 hPa 32.0 w/m^2
5 p.m. 9.7 °C 9.4 °C 97 % 33.7 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.3 hPa 33.0 w/m^2
5:10 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.1 °C 96 % 37.8 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.3 hPa 33.0 w/m^2
5:20 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.2 °C 97 % 34.7 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.2 hPa 20.0 w/m^2
5:30 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.1 °C 96 % 36.2 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.2 hPa 17.0 w/m^2
5:40 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.1 °C 96 % 36.5 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.2 hPa 11.0 w/m^2
5:50 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.2 °C 96 % 38.9 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.1 hPa 11.0 w/m^2
6 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.2 °C 97 % 33.6 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.1 hPa 10.0 w/m^2
6:10 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.1 °C 96 % 33.6 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 991.1 hPa 4.0 w/m^2
6:20 p.m. 9.6 °C 9.0 °C 96 % 35.6 km/h E 20.5 mm 0.1 mm/h 991.0 hPa 2.0 w/m^2
6:30 p.m. 9.5 °C 9.0 °C 96 % 33.2 km/h E 20.6 mm 0.3 mm/h 991.0 hPa 1.0 w/m^2
6:40 p.m. 9.5 °C 9.0 °C 96 % 31.5 km/h E 20.6 mm 0.4 mm/h 991.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
6:50 p.m. 9.5 °C 9.0 °C 96 % 34.2 km/h E 20.6 mm 0.1 mm/h 991.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7 p.m. 9.4 °C 9.0 °C 96 % 34.9 km/h E 20.6 mm 0.1 mm/h 991.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:10 p.m. 9.4 °C 8.8 °C 96 % 33.7 km/h E 20.7 mm 0.6 mm/h 991.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:20 p.m. 9.3 °C 8.9 °C 96 % 38.9 km/h E 20.9 mm 0.7 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:30 p.m. 9.3 °C 8.9 °C 97 % 35.9 km/h E 21.1 mm 1.6 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:40 p.m. 9.4 °C 8.9 °C 96 % 33.7 km/h E 21.4 mm 1.7 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
7:50 p.m. 9.3 °C 8.9 °C 96 % 32.1 km/h E 21.6 mm 1.2 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8 p.m. 9.3 °C 8.8 °C 97 % 38.4 km/h E 21.8 mm 1.0 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:10 p.m. 9.2 °C 8.7 °C 96 % 33.8 km/h E 21.9 mm 0.5 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:20 p.m. 9.2 °C 8.8 °C 97 % 33.3 km/h E 22.3 mm 2.9 mm/h 990.9 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:30 p.m. 9.1 °C 8.6 °C 96 % 31.8 km/h E 22.6 mm 1.3 mm/h 991.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:40 p.m. 9.1 °C 8.6 °C 96 % 32.7 km/h E 22.6 mm 0.2 mm/h 991.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
8:50 p.m. 9.0 °C 8.5 °C 96 % 36.5 km/h E 22.7 mm 0.9 mm/h 991.1 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9 p.m. 9.0 °C 8.4 °C 96 % 40.6 km/h E 23.2 mm 2.7 mm/h 991.0 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9:10 p.m. 8.9 °C 8.4 °C 96 % 41.5 km/h E 23.3 mm 0.8 mm/h 990.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9:20 p.m. 9.0 °C 8.5 °C 96 % 34.3 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.9 mm/h 990.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9:30 p.m. 8.9 °C 8.4 °C 96 % 33.8 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.8 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9:40 p.m. 8.9 °C 8.3 °C 96 % 31.8 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
9:50 p.m. 8.7 °C 8.3 °C 96 % 33.0 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.7 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10 p.m. 8.7 °C 8.2 °C 96 % 38.4 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.6 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10:10 p.m. 8.6 °C 8.1 °C 96 % 36.2 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10:20 p.m. 8.6 °C 8.1 °C 96 % 38.8 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10:30 p.m. 8.5 °C 8.0 °C 96 % 38.6 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.2 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10:40 p.m. 8.4 °C 7.9 °C 96 % 39.5 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.2 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
10:50 p.m. 8.4 °C 7.8 °C 96 % 44.2 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.2 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
11 p.m. 8.4 °C 7.8 °C 96 % 43.5 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
11:10 p.m. 8.3 °C 7.8 °C 96 % 39.3 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
11:20 p.m. 8.4 °C 7.8 °C 96 % 39.9 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.5 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
11:30 p.m. 8.3 °C 7.7 °C 95 % 39.2 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.4 hPa 0.0 w/m^2
11:40 p.m. 8.3 °C 7.7 °C 96 % 46.1 km/h E 23.5 mm 0.0 mm/h 990.3 hPa 0.0 w/m^2